Eucalyptus benthamii

In cold regions in Brazil, such as the south-central part of the state of Paraná, the cultivation of the Eucalyptus genus is restricted to tolerant species such as E. benthamii. This species is originated from the Nepean River course located west of Sydney, Australia, a region in which it is endangered.

Features:

• High tolerance to heavy frost;
• Resistant to low- and medium-intensity frosts;
• Resistant to negative temperatures;
• The seedlings and young plants have sessile, opposite, elliptical to ovate leaves, of bluish green color;
• Adult plants have alternate petiolate and lanceolate leaves;
• Adult plants have rough bark, but coarse at the base;
• Inflorescence is axillary, with 4-7 flowers, peduncle 0.5 cm long and pedicel 0.25 cm long;
• The flower bud is ovate to clavate and the fruit is hemispherical and campanulate;
• It can reach up to 36 meters in height;
• The E. benthamii wood has distinct heartwood and sapwood: the heartwood is reddish brown and the sapwood is pinkish yellow, with moderate hardness, fine to medium texture, with basic density of 470 kg/m3;
• The potential uses of this species are wood, charcoal, and cellulose;
• Wood and coal have suitable features to be used as biomass for power generation, with potential to be used in blast furnaces in the steel sector;
• In Australia blooming occurs between March and May, but there can be variation as for the timing and intensity. However, the flower buds can be found throughout the year and the harvest of ripe fruit occurs between June and December. Fruiting occurs on about 5-meter tall young plants and between 6 and 10 years of age.

This is the most important of the pinus species to be commercially planted in the southern and southeastern United States. It takes place from Northeast Delaware to West Texas and as far as the South region, in central Florida.

            Pinus taeda is one of the most planted trees for reforestation in the southern region of Brazil and it is the most planted species among the pinus in the country, covering about one million hectares. It was introduced in Brazil after the tax incentives law was enacted by the Federal government in 1966, especially in the Southern Region.

Features:

• It is used to produce cellulose, sawn lumber, paper, boards, reconstituted wood, furniture manufacturing, packaging, frames, among others;
• It can be planted in the highlands of the South and Southeast regions;
• It can reach up to 30 meters in height;
• It stands out for its 30% greater growth capacity as compared to other species intended for reforestation;
• It has cracked rind;
• Its foliage is gathered in groups of three, 15 to 20 cm long and dark green in color.;
• Pinus is commonly submitted to the autoclaving process, becoming resistant to xylophagous organisms and weathering, thus increasing its useful life span. This process is known commercially as Treated Pinus or Autoclaved Pinus, which allows its use in decks and flooring.
• The first plantings were made with seeds without quality assurance which, despite the vigor and high production of woody biomass, resulted in poor quality of stem and branches of the stands. With the availability of genetically- engineered seeds in the market, there is the possibility of forming commercial stands with higher productivity and better quality.

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hill.) is regarded as the main non-timber product of the economy in southern Brazil; it is a species that occurs naturally in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, and southern Mato Grosso do Sul, as well as in the far south of São Paulo.

Yerba mate seedlings can be obtained from seeds or seedlings through vegetative propagation, by cloning.

We produce yerba mate seedlings through vegetative propagation, which allows the formation of clonal plantations of high productivity and uniformity.

We work with 4 cultivars, as follows: BRS 408, BRS 409, BRS BLD Aupaba and BRS BLD Yari.

Clonal cultivar BRS BLD Aupaba

In the Tupi-Guarani language, the word Aupaba means land of origin and was used to name the cultivar BRS BLD Aupaba because it is native to the region of its clonal testing. It is registered in the Brazilian Cultivar Registry (RNC) under number 36545. It was selected from a native grassland located in the municipality of São Mateus do Sul.

Features

• It is female;
• 4,80-m tall;
• Average of 50 kg of biomass (leaves and branches smaller than 7 mm) produced every two years of pruning;
• The flavor of the leaves and the chimarrão beverage is very mild;
• A cultivar with light green stem, with cylindrical or sub-cylindrical branches;
• Leaves alternate, sub-coriaceous, narrow at the base and slightly obtuse at the apex;
• When grown in sunny conditions the leaves are bluish green in color and the edges have small teeth;
• They have a rather short petiole, about 15 mm long.

Clonal cultivar BRS BLD Yari

The word Yari means Daughter of a Guarani warrior also originates from the Tupi-Guarani language. This cultivar is female and its leaves produce a mild-tasting mate. The clonal cultivar BRS BLD Yari is registered in the Brazilian Cultivar Registry (RNC) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply (MAPA) under number 36544. The matrix plant was obtained through phenotypic selection, in a planting established by seeds and from the cross that originated the Cambona 4 cultivar.

Features

• The original plant showed an average production of 12 kg of biomass (leaves and branches smaller than 7mm) per plant at five years every one and a half years of pruning;
• Its leaves produce a mild-tasting drink;
• The matrix plant was directly rescued by rooting using the cutting technique;
• Its stem is dull green;
• Cylindrical or sub-cylindrical branches;
• Leaves alternate, sub-coriaceous, narrow at the base and slightly obtuse at the apex;
• When grown in full sun, the leaves are light green in color and the edges have small teeth;
• They have a rather short petiole, about 15 mm long;
• The Cultivar is regarded as having good leaf mass productivity and high softness; According to Embrapa, the Cultivar is considered one of the few materials selected for the production of leaf mass used to obtain a soft drink.

BRS 408

This cultivar was obtained from a specimen selected in the progeny from the city of Cascavel, state of Paraná, and propagated using the mini-cutting technique.

The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) is the keeper of this cultivar, registered in the Brazilian Cultivar Registry (RNC) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply (MAPA) under number 34467.

Features

• Light green stem, with cylindrical or sub-cylindrical branches;
• Leaves alternate, sub-coriaceous, narrow at the base and slightly obtuse at the apex;
• Its edges have small teeth, which can be seen mainly from the middle of the limb to the tip;
• Its petioles are rather short, about 15 mm long, with slight tortuosity;
• According to the sensory analysis of trained tasters, the beverage from its leaves has a moderately mild flavor, scoring 5 on a scale of 0 to 10; Although the yerba mate plant is accustomed to low-fertility soils, an increase in leaf mass productivity occurs by increasing the availability of nutrients in the soil.

BRS 409

Clonal cultivar BRS 409 is originated from a specimen from the city of Bocaiúva do Sul, state of Paraná. Its keeper is also the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), registered with the MAPA under number 34470.

Features

• This cultivar is vegetatively propagated using the mini-cutting technique;
• Its stem is grayish in color;
• Cylindrical or sub-cylindrical grayish branches;
• Its terminal branches are densely lenticellate, with tiny lenticels;
• Leaves alternate, sub-coriaceous, narrow at the base and slightly obtuse at the apex;
• Its edges have small teeth, which can be seen mainly from the middle of the limb to the tip;
• Rather short petiole, about 15 mm long, with slight tortuosity;
• Based on the sensory analysis of trained tasters, the beverage from its leaves has a moderately mild flavor, scoring 5.5 on a scale of 0 to 10;